Battle of Salamis and Miltiades

Miltiades biggest contribution was to the battle at Marathon which was considered a significant impact on the Persian wars. It was in the battle at Marathon where he showed both witt and skill against the Persian army. He was considered valuable to the athenians because of his former close relations with the Persian army, which meant he knew there tactics and there ways to which they fought in battle. The Athenians made Miltiades 10th Commander to which each day starting from commander one every commander would be given a chance to be in charge of the army.It was Miltiades who saw the fact that the Persian cavalary wasnt their as an advantage and to which could result in victory if the Athenian army attacked early. So Miltiades convinced Calimuchus the Polemarh to confront the Persian army and give him command. Miltiades battle tactics were both thoughtful and strategic as he used what he had learnt about the Persians against them with both ingenious and thoughful ideas.He made use o f the terrain by placing his army on the top of the hill so that they had the higher ground and the best spot for when they made there way down hill so they were less tired and exhausted. It was said to be Miltiades who convinced the generals not to use their customary tactics of which hoplites (soldiers of greek cities) normally marched in an evenly distributed phanlanx of shields and spears. Miltiades was the one who had this great idea of attacking while the cavalary was not around.He knew that the Persians had there flanks set out that the strongest soldiers where in the middle of th e flank and the weakest on the outer flanks, so Miltiades devised this cunning plan to swap it around for his army. He made the strongest soldiers as the outer flanks and the weakest in the middle, so when it came to the fight the strongest soldiers could encirle the persian flanks and cause them distress and penick.His other contribution in the battle at Marathon tactics was the fact that he knew t he Persians used arrow man. So miltiades had to think of a way to make it as if the Persian arrowman werent much help in inilation at all. This is the tactic i believe that sets him apart from every other commander; he made his army run into battle. as soon as miltiades army was in range of arrows he had them sprint and avoid the arrows, which this plan left the Persians dumbfounded.But as i write how genius he was i know that Munro points out that it was Miltiades who understood the Persian way of doing thins, it was Miltiades who understood his strengths and weaknesses, and Miltiades who proved to be the master of timing, waiting for just the right time to act. Miltiades was seen as the one to seize the best position and knew just when to take the offensive. But I see another person who was of even larger importance to the contribution of the Persian wars and his name is Themistocles.

Compensated Dating

Wu Wing-ying (right) says compensated dating is not school-category specific, â€Å"Even if a student studies well, her moral and values may not be correct, and will love to make quick bucks for brand names as well† A survey found that nearly five percent of secondary school respondents said they would involve in enjo-kosai, of which 2% came from (Band 1) secondary schools. There was a case in which a Band 1 17-years-old secondary school girl, who engaged in enjo-kosai for fun and quick money, recognized the consequences of enjo-kosai after contracting a sexually transmitted diseases. The agency responsible for the survey/investigation saw that the values of compensated dating girls had been distorted, instead the agency emphasized that enjo-kosai was equivalent to prostitution, and that young girls needed to bear the consequences of enjo-kosai such as contracting sexually transmitted diseases, pregnancy and psychological problems. The Hong Kong Association of Sexuality Educators, Researchers & Therapists Ltd, using questionnaires, interviewed nearly 3000, average age of 15 years old, Form 1. to Form 6 students in May 3000. Survey showed that 4. 6 percent of respondents said they would engage in enjo-kosai, of which 2% came from Band 1 schools, followed by 1. 7% from Band 3 schools; and 6. 6% secondary school students responded that they knew or they are friends with students currently in enjo-kosai. The survey also pointed out that, 87% respondents saw enjo-kosai as a means to earn money for high consumption, such as to buy brand-name items. Second, 43% said they could find affection/being loved in enjo-kosai, as well as 24% respondents said they engaged in enjo-kosai for drugs. In addition, 61% of respondents thought enjo-kosai was immoral; but 45% believed enjo-kosai was a way of social life that provided different needs, and 38 percent believed enjo-kosai was the best way to make quick money. Ng wing-ying, vice chairman of the Association said that Hong Kong girls had many misunderstanding of enjo-kosai thinking enjo-kosai was not immoral, and even thought that enjo-kosai did not involve sex but love from money exchange, and access to care/concern, to which she believed having such distorted values and belief will cause great harm. She believed schools category had no impact to people engaging in enjo-kosai, â€Å"Even if a student studies well in school, her/his moral and values may not be correct that he/she will also earn quick money for favorite brand name. † Ng said she had contact with a 17-years-old girl compensated dating girl called Aling (a pseudonym) coming from Band 1 secondary school with a middle-class family background. Due to wanting to make quick money, have fun and hope to obtain concern/care, she engaged in enjo-kosai, who also recruited those female students lacking money or wanting to have fun into the â€Å"sea† of prostitution. Yesterday, The Association played a short segment of Aling's interview yesterday. Aling said that she started enjo-kosai at the age of 14 because she could make easy money. She charged about 1500 dollars, or even as high as 4000 dollars. Once, her customer didn't use condom and she had sexually transmitted infection. She said that she only stopped enjo-kosai after meeting her boyfriend, and contracting sexually transmitted diseases. She deeply regreted for engaging in enjo-kosai. Ng wing-ying worried that enjo-kosai would proliferated rapidly through the Internet, coupled with summer approaching, enjo-kosai would become the hottest summer job. She pointed out that young girls already had fuzzy moral boundary, as Internet popularized, the prevalence of compensated dating would spread to internet as well, such as online enjo-kosai advertising in which young girls treated prostitution as selling goods, clearly stating their figure measurements, age, and range of services which reflected the girls had completely itemize themselves as goods for sale. Ng also pointed out that some prostitution synidcations would induce girls with drugs so that they could easily manipulate the girls to long-term prostitution once the girls were addicted to drugs, however Ng emphasized that enjo-kosai is prostitution, and young girls should be aware of potential problems from enjo-kosai such as sexually transmitted diseases, pregnancy, sexual assault and consequences of other psychological effects. She added that parents should be vigilant about their children's behaviors, including whether they had suddenly have more money, bought brand-names and cellphones, as well as instilling their children proper values. In addition, the Police should vigorously deter compensated dating activities, and schools should also incorporate moral and sex education into the curriculum of moral and sexual education in order to stop this unhealthy rising trend of enjo-kosai. reasons to compensated dating 1. 87% wants to make quick bucks for spending on brand names 2. 47% says they like customers to give expensive gifts 3. 3% wants to be loved by someone 4. 42% earns money to buy drugs 5. 33% to earn tuition fee and pay family expense In the past, police had cracked down many enjo-kosai activities. In one operation, police found 20 underage girls, of which the youngest was only 13 years old. The girls and the clients both thought enjo-kosai was a normal social activity. Social worker said young girl s in enjo-kosai thought they had the freedom to pick clients therefore they did not picture themselves as prostitutes, and these young girls also over-estimated their problem solving abilities, such that their situations was similar to people with drug problem. Police and social workers are calling for parents, teachers and school social workers to pay attention to the abnormal behavior of girls. Kowloon West Crime Headquarters Chief Inspector of the fifth team, Chung Chi-Ming said in September last year to target enjo-kosai, they commenced their first operation â€Å"whale search operation†, and successfully bashed two prostitution rings. In the second operation, though they found prostitution syndicates to have reduced activities, an emergence of â€Å"Internet Pimp† appeared, that is, a middle man who worked for both enjo-kosai girls and clients. There were even â€Å"female† middle men who became enjo-kosai girls first, then turned to pimping after they didn't want to engage in enjo-kosai†. From the operation, 20 girls, aged between 13 to 16 were found, of which some had disappearing records. Chung Chi-Ming said that compensated dating girls came from broken families, eager to be care, even embellished prostit ution into normal social activities, â€Å"the words they often say are: We are not chickens, just compensated dating†. Chung Chi-Ming urged parents and teachers to pay careful attention to students money spending behaviors through observation or conversation. If they found studnets to have profuse spending behavior, parents and teachers should seek help from school social workers so that social workers could make referrals for psychological counseling or contacted Police for possible criminal involvement.

Business Policy advised to Sigma Global-Free-Samples-Myassignment

To: Mrs. Rania Singh, Customer Service Agent. Subject: To obey recommendations discussed in the memo The propaganda of this memorandum is to give an insight on the changes in the information provided to the future prospect for business. The change in policy will help in the betterment of the service provided by the organization to its clients. The agents of Sigma Global are advised to get approval of the material prepared for local marketing and advertising. As it is the most basic and initial projection of the organization to the local clients. Agents are warned and adhered to avoid unethical advertising and marketing to lure prospect clients. False information to the students will hampers relationship with the organization and is not acceptable at any cost. Agents should understand that we aim to guide the student and not to mislead them. It will result in Agents termination if found guilty of charge It had brought into our attention that our clients are finding it difficult to comprehend to the information on different services provided by the organization. To clear their misunderstanding it is necessary from our behalf to change the rules and policy to enlighten the student in a language that they would understand and comprehend best. Students are finding it difficult to understand the answer of few basic questions, which should have been clearly delta with by out agents. It is it important from our behalf to help the student choose the best university as per their need and preferences. To start with, agents should make the student comfortable and ask question regarding different aspect of their need and requirement. Agents should work on the soft skills and try to build repo with the student to understand their want. The inquiry should be conducted in a conversation manner so that it will make students comfortable and help them to easily interact and convey their requirement once that phase is cleared, the agent will now ask about the education qualification and would try to understand what the student want to pursue and from where. If the student have proper knowledge about the course and the institution he want to opt from the Agent will then ask related and relevant question to understand all the requirement o f the student and will try to suggest best alternative if needed. Agents are requested that student with no proper knowledge about courses and universities should be approached with calm and willing to help attitude as it will make them ease and help them open up. We want to make them understand that we are willing to help and shying away will hinder the process. Agents will ask these students about their aspiration and motivation and would try to figure the reason they want to study abroad. In addition, once the agent, relevant information about the course, understands it and university which will help accomplish the desired results should be provided. Agents are asked to provide information of the relevant universities and colleges offering the degree the student require as well as clear overview of all the other alternatives, the ranking of different universities as well as eligibility of different universities based on merit list should be made clear to the students from agents end.   Agents are requested to ask question about financial stability and source of income from students to help them acquire the best university and accommodation facility whilst their stay abroad. Agents are requested to represent all the universities and colleges in equal and fair manner to the students, so that it would look like as a choice given to the student to choose upon. It will give the versatility to the student to determine the place and the university he would like to opt. Agents are request to make students understand that studying aboard is all about practical implementation and usage of the education. It is equally important from student’s behalf to look into the different recreational activities and co-curricular prospects given by different universities and fun learning sessions provided by the universities. Agents are informed that it is necessary to understand the need of student’s requirement about the stay and the option we have and can provide to the s tudents. Accommodation advice to the student should be accurate and must be exactly as promised. It is important that the expectation that they will have about the accommodation met as per requirement or else it will hamper the after sale service which will again lose us prospective clients. Agents are requested to inform students about all the facilities that can be availed from the organization and it is important for the agents to advice the students taking admission in the distant universities and colleges about the transportation facility which can be availed by them from our organization. Agents should let the students know that we are providing a substantial amount to every student to help them start in the new country, which can be utilized for the transportation allowance. The initial transportation fee will be given special discount of 20% if booked with the full amount of admission fee and rest of the expenses. Agents are informed that students need assurance about the un iversity and the value of degree after completion of the course. It is necessary to provide proper information about placement cell and universities previous record of accomplishment agents should bring students attention about important rules and regulation, which needs to be mandated by the students in the country they will go for studies. Agents are warned again about providing false hopes, guarantee of permanent visa and work placement to attract the student is wrong practice, and Agent should avoid it. Honesty to build strong relationship with the students during the application process creates a transparency about the procedure. Honesty is a virtue and same is the motto of the organization so Agents should uphold companies values to its clients Olaleke, O.O., Taiye, T.T. and Olumide, E.O., 2014. Customer relationship management approach and student satisfaction in higher education marketing.  Journal of Competitiveness,  6(3). Stebleton, M.J., Soria, K.M. and Cherney, B.T., 2013. The high impact of education abroad: College students' engagement in international experiences and the development of intercultural competencies.  Frontiers: The Interdisciplinary Journal of Study Abroad,  22, pp.1-24. Taylor, C. and Robinson, C., 2014. 'What matters in the end is to act well': Student engagement and ethics. Hanson, V., Caputo, John S., & Caputo, Giovanni. (2015).  Studying Abroad: Adaptive Communication for Effective Intercultural Interactions,  ProQuest Dissertations and Theses. Nguyen, M. (2012). Vietnamese Students' Transitions in Study Abroad Programs.  Australian Journal of Career Development,  21(3), 13-22. Quick Tips for Students who want to Study Abroad. (2015, March 03).  UWIRE Text, p. 1. Highum, A. (2014).  Undergraduate Global Education: Issues for Faculty, Staff, and Students. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Incorporated. Zhuang, Weiling, King, Kristen, & Carnes, Lana. (2015). Studying Abroad: Understanding the Relationships among Beliefs, Perceived Value, and Behavioral Intentions.  Journal of Teaching in International Business,  26(1), 32-45.

Social disorganization Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Social disorganization - Essay Example Social disorganization contributes substantially to organized crime by working hand in hand with the aspect of the failure of certain social institutions that lead to the increase of crimes in general. Such include urban decay, general deterioration of the ecology found in inner cities and general failure of the society, as well as familial deterioration. In this regard, crime is affiliated with the level in which one is in the society that he or she lives. This is in relation to social stratification, which stands for divisions of humans in any society based on financial, ethnic, racial or charismatic background. As a result, organized crime is the outcome of blatant flouting of social rules by ignorant members of the society, as well as familial deterioration. This is due to the capabilities that crime gangs have in relation to replacing familial figures and creating a sense of belonging by being part of a crime gang with national syndication. In this light, organized crime is prom oted by the loss of social organization or failure of vital social structures such as family, making crime part f daily life for affected individuals thus; attempting to weed out the evil element in them an uphill task. In addition, failure of other organizations such as law enforcement, crucial for social wellbeing results in organized crime. This is concerning to demand goods and services that are contrary to social norms, beliefs and values, as well as flouting legislation. In addition, social disorganization creates thriving grounds for organized crime in the political front. This is in relation to the influence that organized crime holds on political spheres, and is thus, used to drive campaigns of a political nature in order to maintain power and control. This implies that politicians utilize social disorganization to remain in political power. Social disorganization interacts with the legal world to run crime syndicates, where this is done by conspiring to trade in goods and services that are illegal. Organized crime and social disorganization also interact in the most of unlikely ways concerning white-collar crimes and participation. In this case, those that participate in white-collar crimes such as computer fraud and insider trading participate in such activities following the specialized skills they have and lack of proper channel to exercise them (Matsueda, 2006). This shows failure of the social moral system meaning that leads to development of individuals with flexible morals, ethics, or the total lack of the two. This is due to broken family structures, social justice systems, and political corruption. In addition, white-collar organized crime falls under social disorganization in which case, individual criminality falls within interaction with social groups. This means that the crime rate of a group is determined by the level of organization either for or against crime. In this case, it refers to the goals and ambitions of a given group in crim e, as well as their motivation towards engaging in crime (Matsueda, 2006). Organized crime can be engaged in as a form of gaining recognition from peers by impressing them, although it is for a bigger goal than individual pleasure. Politically, breakdown of structures to the benefit of politicians in generating machinery that works in

MNEs only tend to migrate to greener activity if force by government Essay

MNEs only tend to migrate to greener activity if force by government regulations - Essay Example The rest of the essay will present views from both sides of the debate and argue that ultimately a strong regulatory framework is essential if Multinational Enterprises (MNEs) are to take green standards seriously. In looking to answer the topic question, it is useful to peruse sociological scholarship and policy literature on the subject. Conventionally, analyses of the topic have tended to focus on corporate compliance within existing legislations. Here, it is tacitly assumed that complying with regulations by targeted groups is essential and sufficient for meeting goals of social regulation. (Dahl, 2010, p.248) Another assumption is that business enterprises go out of their way and improve their green standards only when they are faced with steep penalties for failing to do so. In this analytic framework, corporations are seen as ‘amoral calculators’ of risk and reward for themselves; and their primary motive is to maximize profits while minimizing losses in the form of penalties. This used to be the traditional view on corporate compliance. Yet, in recent years a refreshingly new pattern of corporate behaviour has started to emerge, giving government agencies and social activists renewed hope. (Kagan, et. Al., 2003, p.52) â€Å"It is becoming apparent that an increasing number of companies now perform, to a greater or lesser extent, "beyond compliance" with existing regulatory requirements. This suggests that the degree of variation in, and the motivations for, corporate behaviour may be much broader than many researchers have imagined previously. This is of practical importance: some existing regulatory strategies, in focusing on compliance, have failed to facilitate, reward, or encourage beyond-compliance behaviour, or even inadvertently discourage it, while other regulatory reformers, in contrast, have argued that government-mandated self-regulation  is the key to progress.† (Kagan, et. Al., 2003, p.51) Hence, it could be argued, th at MNE’s need not always be pushed by government regulations in order to make their activities clean and green. Scholars such as Samuel Loewenberg, on the other hand, are not quite enthused by the record of major corporations (especially those based in the United States), in upholding green standards. The chemical industry in the United States, which is a major contributor to environmental pollution, has been a culprit in this regard. While the industry got away with its slack quality and safety standards in its home country, it got into controversies upon entry into the European market. The EU, worried that it does not possess health and environmental data on most of the chemical compounds currently in use, is drawing up legislation that â€Å"by 2005 will require the industry to conduct extensive safety tests on 30,000 common chemicals. At least 1,500 are expected to be banned or severely restricted in their use as a result. The industry estimates that the testing alone wi ll cost it more than $7.5 billion.† (Loewenberg, 2003, p.55) MNE’s based in the United States, whose present safety norms are supported by Washington, continues to put pressure on the EU to loosen up its standards. In Washington, MNEs wielding insider connections and an abundance of campaign funds are used to wooing legislators and regulators. (Vernon, 2010, p.B04) But this tactic does not

Consultancy Projects Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Consultancy Projects - Essay Example The inventory now stands at sixty days requirements as against 20 days stock they used to hold a year ago. The disposal of this stock is causing problems. If it is not sold it will have to be thrown away due to its perishable nature. Her suggestion has caused a furor in the company management and at a recent meeting of the Marketing and Operation Council (MOC) of the company everyone seemed to have a different opinion to solve this problem. The outcome however has been in favour of two different views. One opinion is that the company should reduce its price by 45% thereby increasing its sales volume and bring down excess inventory to far lower levels. The inherent disadvantage here is that this will encourage the competition to do the same and the result will remain the same. Unless market share is increased this move is more likely to create chaos. It will also result in loosing customer confidence as the premium status of the product will be lost. The fear is that there will be immigration of customers to other suppliers. It was further pointed out that this loss could be mitigated by selling the excess inventory by calling it a different brand. It was argued by those who advocated this first policy that this would spare the premium brand and would attract new customers looking for low end products. The second suggestion is to offer deep discount to its captive customers only. Neptune has around 300 restaurants who are its regular customers and it is proposed that they be offered up to 45% discount on additional off take. It was argued that this would not be considered as price cutting and would avoid a price war with competition. This would also target a closed market which had the potential to absorb more quantities if the price was right. This would help the restaurants increase their own customer bas by offering different fares and would not hurt the image of Neptune in the market. The

Cloning (Argument Synthesis) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Cloning (Argument Synthesis) - Essay Example With the advent of Dolly, cloning became the major topic in debates. Liberal scientists suppose that: "cloning gives an opportunity to remake mankind in an image of health, it is the ultimate expression of man's unlimited potential" (Human Reproduction and therapeutic cloning, 2005). In reality, while the cloning of animals, for commercial as well as scientific purposes, is now fairly widespread, the cloning of a developed human being (with predicted dates that regularly recede) has yet to take place. Cloning helps scientists to investigate and understand functions of stem cells and invent new medical treatment methods for such diseases as cancer, diabetes, HIV/AIDS, hemophilia, sickle cell anemia, etc. "Therapeutic cloning will allow them to create organs that are a perfect match for those in need of a transplant" (Human Reproduction and therapeutic cloning, 2005). The use of cloning for therapeutic purposes is important to creating one person solely for the sake of another. Stem cells have a special property - they are undifferentiated. That is to say, stem cells have not taken on the special properties and functions of liver cells, heart cells, skin cells, and so on. But they can become differentiated, and take on these properties. This makes them useful. Stem cells can thus be used to repair organic damage, to recreate parts of the human body that are diseased or malfunctioning. Thus they present people with new therapeutic possibilities, several of which have already been im pressively demonstrated - bone marrow transplants to regenerate a healthy blood system in patients with leukaemia, for instance ('Seeing double: the cloning conundrum' 4). Another argument "for" cloning is that animal cloning is succeed, and it means that the technique of animal cloning becomes far more precise and effective and its extension to human beings very much less likely to go wrong. The cloning of humans is an extension of techniques developed for the cloning of animals, and whereas the cloning of plants is simple, the cloning of animals is not. Nevertheless, the inefficiency argument rests on contingent facts, and it is in the nature of contingent facts that they can change. "If they are successful, engineered stem cells may eventually provide a way of permanently curing most, if not all genetically determined diseases of the blood and circulatory system" (Grace 40). Opponents of cloning state that everything turns on the potential impact, for good or ill, on human beings. The result of cloning is often the creation of animals with radical defects and deformities, many of which emerge only as the animal grows. In short, suffering creatures are brought into existence. For this created suffering, as for suffering inflicted, morally responsible behavior requires a justification. The form of this justification is clear - the suffering is outweighed by the benefits. The main problem with cloning is that results are often unstable. It is not always appreciated that even yet the actual business of producing laboratory generated animals is very much a hit and miss affair. Of course it can be said, that

Criminal Justice Authority Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Criminal Justice Authority - Essay Example Individuals ought to obey the law and ensure that they do not go against the rules set by the state. Criminal justice authority needs to conform to the provisions of the law before administering the law (Government of Alberta, 2011). Impunity in the practice of duties should be shunned for it causes mistrust amongst the citizens. There is a need to have a procedure of carrying out activities which offer protection to the citizens from the criminals. The civilian oversight committees play a very pertinent role of balancing the powers of the criminal justice authority (Terrill, 2009). Despite the fact that the criminals are evil doers, they need to be protected from the coercion of rough law enforcers. Discretionary authority can create opportunistic moments whereby coercion of criminals or suspects is upheld (Bruce, 2002). Introduction Criminal justice system practices act of upholding social control, mitigating and deterring crime. Criminal justice is used in sanctioning the individu als who go against the laws set by with rehabilitation efforts and criminal penalties. People accused of crime have protections against abuse of prosecution and investigatory powers. Law is a system of rules enforced through a number of societal institutions (Bruce, 2002). The law serves the purpose of maintaining order in the society by the provision of set of rules which govern the conduct. There is criminal and civil law used in the practice of law in society. Civil laws are the rules and regulations which control grievances and transactions between the citizens in a society while criminal law concerns dangerous actions to the society (Jernigan, 2007). In criminal law, prosecution is pursued by the state rather than individuals. Criminal law provides definitions for crime and possible prescriptions for sentences for the committing of the crime in question (Government of Alberta, 2011). Discretionary authority personnel Discretionary authority entails that there is open authority practice over the criminals. If this authority is not checked, it has its excesses because many people become victims of torture and harassing from the law enforcers. There is a need to have civilians who are non-aligned to forces as a check to the measures in the manner justice is delivered to the victims or criminals. It is not in orders to delivery justice by bending the law because it would spoil the image of the law (Bruce, 2002). The civilian oversight committee helps in affirming confidence to the police departments to the public. They are the check elements who represent the citizens in ensuring that the police follow the law in performing their duties (Terrill, 2009). Civilian oversight committee Civilian oversight committees play a great role in ensuring that the police are fully investigated in case they commit crime sin prevention of the same crime. The term oversight means an ongoing practice whereby each police is held accountable for his or her actions. The committee focuses on achieving accountability by division of power within the law enforcing organization for the purposes of close monitoring. This committee brings forth a democratic society which responds to the concerns of the majority (Government of Alberta, 2011). There is accountability between the oversight bodies and policing departments. The measures

A critical evaluation of affordable housing policy for the first time Essay

A critical evaluation of affordable housing policy for the first time buyer in leeds city centre - Essay Example staining a dualism in the housing market where renting, in its different guises, is relegated to a marginal position and tenants, unlike owners, are arguably cast as second-class citizens. However, past and recent research (e.g. Bramley & Watkins,P.23, 2004; Maclennan et al., P.104, 2002; Radley, P.45, 2004) has suggested that there are severe limits to the proportion of housing needs which can be realistically satisfied through owner occupation (even including low cost sales and Right to Buy). Action is therefore needed to provide greater term choice through the provision of more private and, especially, social rented housing to meet the needs of those unable to become homeowners. The British land-use planning process has changed very little since its constitutional beginning in the 1940s. Planning is primarily restricted to considering land-use issues through the management and coordination of policy at various levels of administration by a variety of agencies and actors. Implied to the operation of the land-use planning system is a national coordinating level, where the social, economic and environmental needs of spatial areas can be addressed in an integrated way. Although this suggests that planning can only be operated effectively when land-use issues are considered strategically (Bruton and Nicholson, P. 21-40, 2004; Rowan-Robinson et al., P, 369-381, 2004; Breheny, P. 233-249, 2002), the provision of a national element of strategic coordination by the central state is an essential ingredient in physical development. As Diamond (P18-25, 2004) has remarked, strategic planning sets out a frame of reference for the organisation of planning at the lower tie rs of administration. The planning process is managed and implemented by national and local tiers of government and is hierarchical in policy framework (Tewdwr-Jones, P. 584-593, 2005). Although there has never been a national physical plan in England, central government has always provided a clear approach

Monitoring ,Final review Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Monitoring ,Final review - Essay Example This would also ensure that the deliverables are present in the right condition to ensure completion of the project and achievement of the set objectives. This will be done upon completion of the project, this ensures the construction is per the initial plan and any deviations are raised and necessary measures addressed to ensure full satisfaction of the stakeholders. Construction of stadium is should be effectively describes what the value is to the football sponsoring organisations from the results gained after the construction is complete. Â  Managing construction will involve value management of benefits, costs, timescales, and risks. Is the construction plan clearly defining the results expected to be gained after the stadium is constructed as per the construction plan, resources and time it will take for construction, the plan will proved agreed times for monitoring and placation of necessary inputs. Stage plans will be established to provide details on how and when the objectives stipulated by the stakeholders are being met by showing the construction plans and drawing, activities and resources required for construction. Â  The Stage Plan will provide a baseline against which stage progress will be measured and is used as the basis of management control throughout the stage in the proceeding construction stage. In monitoring the construction process a work package will be used to Sets out all information needed to deliver one or more specialist products. Â  The necessary information is collated by the Project Manager and used to formally pass responsibility for work or delivery to a team leader or member In the event of a change in the decision or strategy of construction will be identified in the stage. Stake holder may change or improve an idea and thus will be implemented at the change control strategy stage. Adequate information shall be provided by the Project Board to sponsor and stakeholders by providing a summary of each stage status at

Hadrian’s Villa in Tivoli Essay Example for Free

Hadrian’s Villa in Tivoli Essay The art and science of designing buildings and structures is termed as Architecture, which is a Greek work with a meaning of a master builder. The macro-level of municipal designing, town development, and countryside architecture, to the micro-level of producing a range of furniture can be included in the broader description of the architecture. Both feasibility and builder’s cost are usually addressed in an architectural design, and the function and aesthetics of a user is considered an importance factor in its planning. Volume, light, shadow, texture, and space are often manipulated during the planned architecture, and Sometimes, pleasing aesthetics are achieved by abstracting different and diverse elements artistically. Many architectural works has been represented as a cultural and political symbol in today’s world. The Pantheon on top of the Acropolis in Greece, the Colosseum in Italy, Hadrian’s Villa at Tivoli, and Taj Mahal at Agra in India are some of the many architectural designs and structures that represent the architectural history of their age. The architectural history begins with the needs aroused, such as security, shelter, worship, etc, and means, which were available at that time, for example, skilled persons, building materials, machineries, etc. An architectural expertise was evolved through the oral civilizations and practices of human beings, in order to progress and improve their knowledge to compete in this world. In many ancient civilizations, the architecture was deemed as a reflection of connectivity with the divine power and supernatural command. However, the power of the state or the ruler was represented by the complex and beautiful architectural designs and structures at that time. As the civilizations changed, traditions and customs evolved, people developed themselves and transformed themselves into urban form, hence, the architectural field progressed, and a need to divide it was felt. In order to understand the architectural importance and influence in the society, we will try to understand and discuss the Italian Architecture from its different perspectives and buildings that were built by the different emperors of that time. When we talk about the Italian Architecture, one can say that it owns a distinctive mixture of divinity, uniqueness, and power that were gained by the kings and rulers of that era. One of the many examples of this renowned architecture era is the Villa Rotonda at Vicenza, Villa Emo, Osborne House, etc. , which are the true examples of the fine Italian Architecture. In order to understand the Italian Architecture, we will comprehend the structural and historical significance of the two Italian buildings, that is, Hadrian’s Villa, and Villa Rotonda in the Italy. We will try to compare and contrast these two historical buildings, relating to the architects that built these buildings. Its design, the period, and the historical context will also be considered during this study. We will also try to analyze the ideas and concepts that are underlying these buildings. Illustration of any historical precedent that might have influenced their design will also be explained during the study. We will try to discuss the building elements and materials that were during their construction, and different modes of technology that were required by the architects in that century will also be considered in a detailed section of this study. In the early second century, there was an emperor Hadrian, who built a large Roman villa, which was called as Villa Hadriana of that time. Accordingly, now it is know as Hadrian’s Villa. This villa is one of the finest architectural and structural designs that have been built by the emperors in beautiful cities of Italy. An area of at least 100 hectares or 250 acres has been covered by a sumptuous complex of over 30 buildings. Excluding this area, unexcavated area of 300 more hectares is also considered the part of this villa. In this regard, a place for the World Heritage Site has been given by the UNESCO. At the time of the Emperor Hadrian’s life, this villa is considered as his preferable residency, whenever he was found to be in the Rome. There are several reasons of choosing an imperial palace outside Rome, rather than going for several other palaces that have been built by him and other emperors. Some miserable relations with the senate and the local Roman aristocracy were the primary cause of this influence for an imperial palace outside the city. Accordingly, the imperial residence was the Villa Hadriana. The ancient Tibur, which is now known as Tivoli has this villa built, and which is 28 kilometers away from the Rome. Two minor tributaries are surrounding this villa, which has been built on a hillside. It was built in such a way that a person can reach the villa by land or by boat very easily, via Tiburtina and via Aniene respectively. The travertine quarries, ample supplies of tufa, and unlimited lime was another significant reason of choosing this location of the villa, as these materials were used in the production of cement. The site was also very abundant in the water resources. Therefore, baths were also built inside the villa, which needed vast amounts of water. A traditionally structured villa can be seen in the central part of this palace. A garden with an elongated fountain was included in this villa. Two buildings were also built by the emperor, which were known as Latin library and Greek library. The main residential part of the palace included a large courtyard and a unique building having Doric columns in them. Portico and richly adorned rooms were built inside another grand court, which was known as Golden Court, as it was having very rich finds in it. A series of underground roads, storage facilities, passages, and slave quarters have also been built much below the surface of this villa. In order to run such a huge complex, most of the infrastructure was tucked away neatly, which as another uniqueness of this villa. However, even from the above findings and observations of the architects, it is still very hard to create the appearance of the villa, that it used to be at the time of the Emperor Hadrian, as all the upper parts of the various buildings have been loss during years and wars occurred in the region. Another uniqueness of the Villa Hadriana is its collection of rich monuments, which were brought from various parts of the Roman empire of that time. The display of this rich collection was a symbol of culture and learnedness among wealthy Roman Emperors of that time, especially the emperors, who ruled in the first and second century BCE. Some influences can be found from the two buildings of Marcus Tullius Cicero; Academia and Lyceum, which were famous for their philosophical education in the ancient Greece. Similarly, an area called Syracusa was found to be in the residence of Augustus, which also played an influential part in the various buildings that were built in the Hadrian’s Villa. There are some associations of this Hadrian’s villa with some ideas, which were taken by the previous emperors of that time. However, it is not possible to identify every association due to the dispersion of the artistic elements of the original villa that were built by the emperor. A famous monument in the ancient Athens was ‘Stoa Poikile’ that was painted colonnade, and therefore, the ‘Poikile’ of the Hadrian’s villa has been associated with this Greek monument.

The Melancholy In John Steinbecks Books Essay Example for Free

The Melancholy In John Steinbecks Books Essay The melancholy hussar was set in the 19th century in 1801. This was a time were woman had no lives of there own and this shows the character of Phyllis in melancholy hussar. Phylliss father treats her as an object. She is not free to do what ever she wants because she is a woman. Thomas hardy illustrates the role of woman in the melancholy hussar (1801). Woman had no role in society and women were very unimportant. Steinbeck had written his story during the American depression in the 1930. Life was very hard for men and woman because of migration, unemployment, rootlessness and instability. All these had made people very angry and this had caused racism. Crooks in of mice and men also had a very hard life because he was black. Crooks wasnt wanted near the white men, which had led to racism. On page 100, crooks says to Lennie I aint wanted in the bunkhouse and u aint wanted in my room, Lennie replied why aint you wanted in the bunk house BECAUSE IM BLACK. This had shown through text that racism was very natural. Both of these books had inequality in their texts. Curly had the most power over every one in of mice and men. In melancholy hussar Phyllis father had power over Phyllis. In melancholy hussar, the Napoleonic war was going on. The Napoleonic war was when France was at war against England. Germany were allies with England so Germany had sent some of their soldiers but the German soldiers had felt upset and lonely because they did not no English and they had no English friends to communicate with. This is what also had made them very homesick.

Training on Performance of Employees in Etihad Airways

Training on Performance of Employees in Etihad Airways This research project aims to investigate the impact of training on the employees of El Etihad, a well known airline based in the Middle East with operations across the world. 1.1. Overview Training and development play very important roles in the enhancement of individual abilities and professional advancement of organisational employees (Gerber Lankshear, 2000). Numerous changes have occurred in the global economic and business environment since the end of the Second World War. Such changes, which have intensified in nature and scope since the 1980s, include rapid advancement in technology, the dismantling of physical and economic barriers between nations, the development of instantaneous methods of communication across long distances, and sharp reduction in costs of international travel (Gerber Lankshear, 2000). The phenomenal increase in international travel is an integral part of globalisation and has in turn led to immense churning in the airlines industry (Craig Douglas, 2000). The airline industry has witnessed the emergence of numerous new airlines across the world, even as well established and once famous airlines have had to close down. Whilst new airlines like Ryan Air and Easy jet have come up in the UK, numerous new airlines have sprung up in China, India and the Middle East. Such growth in the airline industry has resulted in intensification of competition, segmentation of customers, and the emergence of low cost airlines and chartered trips (Craig Douglas, 2000). Etihad is one such airline, which was established in 2003 in Abu Dhabi and has in a short period of time grown significantly both in operations and in sales. Operating in an intensely competitive environment, the organisation needs to improve its sales and operational efficiencies in order to break even and become fin ancially viable (Craig Douglas, 2000). It is widely recognised that with all other things being equal, the competitive advantage of organisations, both in production and in service sectors, is determined by the quality of organisational employees and the levels of customer service (Eaton, 2001). The role of employees is especially important in service sectors like hotels and airlines, where individual customer satisfaction is often dependent upon the quality of service provided by organisational employees. All modern day airlines, big and small, recognise the importance of employees and their role in the achievement of competitive advantage and organisational growth (Eaton, 2001). Airline employees, both on the ground and those who fly, are chosen with great care and trained continuously and intensely in order to improve operational efficiencies, customer service and competitive advantage. 1.2. Aims and Objectives This research project aims to determine the role of training of employees in Etihad airlines on the organisational efficiency, customer service, and competitive advantage of El Etihad Airlines. Its objectives are as under To examine the role of training in improvement of organisational efficiency and competitive advantage of organisations. To investigate how training can improve the performance of employees in the airlines sector. To investigate and assess the ways in which training can help the performance of employees at Etihad Airways 1.3. Research Questions The research questions for this project are framed as under: Research Questions 1: What are the organisational advantages of training? Research Question 2: How can such advantages improve the performance of employees in the Airlines sector? Research Question 3: How can training improve employee and organisational performance at Etihad Airways? Research Question 4: How will such improvement impact the operational and financial performance of Etihad Airways? 1.4. Terms and Definitions Terms and Definitions Details Epistemological Approach The approach of knowledge Quantitative and Qualitative Methods The two main methods of social research Population The group of people or things under study in research projects Sample A small portion of the population that is expected to have the attributes of the larger population 1.5. Limitations of Study This study will be limited by the amount of information accessed during the course of investigation of primary and secondary sources. Whilst extensive efforts will be made to obtain relevant information, it is very possible that some facts that are relevant may not be unearthed. Such inadequacies could limit the final analysis and results of the project. 2. Literature Review Etihad Airways Etihad Airways was established in July 2003, through the proclamation of a royal decree by Sheikh Khalifa, the President of the UAE. Etihad is the national carrier of the United Arab Emirates, and offers air travel within country and to numerous other global destinations (iloveindia.com, 2009). It is based in Abu Dhabi, the capital of UAE. The company is yet to post a profit and has faced difficult times in the wake of the global economic downturn of 2008 (iloveindia.com, 2009). Competition in the Airline Industry The airline industry has faced very challenging times over the course of the past decade and continues to face multifaceted and tough situations. The industry suffered extremely in the days after the September 11 attacks, when worldwide drops in air travel compelled a number of celebrated airlines, counting the likes of Swissair, to seal operations because of enormous operational and financial losses (Yousfi, 2008). The huge hike in fuel costs in recent years, which in 2007 shot up to more than 140 USD per barrel and now floats between USD 70 and 75 per barrel, is adversely affecting the operations and finances of all passenger airlines. The airline industry, globally, has suffered losses worth billions of dollars in recent periods and expects to make a nominal profit of 0.05% in 2011 (Yousfi, 2008). Etihad has not just been adversely affected by adverse global environmental circumstances but also by competition from strong Middle East airlines like Qatar Airlines and Gulf Air. The o rganisation faces extremely strong international and local competition, and is finding it difficult to break even and thereafter make profits (Yousfi, 2008). Training and Development Training and Development constitutes the overall organisational strategies and policies that are adopted by organisations for helping employees to improve their individual and collective organisational abilities and skills (Adiele, 2009). Training initiatives aim to build workforces with better ability in order to allow organisations and employees to attain their objectives for customer satisfaction and service. Training represents all the activities that are taken up, both by organisations or individually by employees, to improve employee performance in existing or associated areas of employment (Adiele, 2009). Training in organisations comprises of two important segments, i.e. internal training and external training (Vemic, 2007). Internal training is provided within the organisation. Such training can be classified into off-job and on-job training, on-job training standing for the improvement of skills through the actual participation of workers in their jobs and off-job training standing for learning enhancement through observation; either in class rooms or in the work place (Vemic, 2007). External training represents training that is arranged outside companies, mostly by consultants and professionals (Vemic, 2007). Need for Training and Development Employees need to be trained for various reasons. Whilst staffing of employees is carried out on the basis of their overall suitability for the jobs expected of them by way of educational background and achievements, prior training and working experience, changes in work place and environmental conditions, as well as alterations in work requirements, often require employees to enhance their skills (Lowson, 2002). Training needs could arise because of reasons like (a) the inculcation of fresh technologies and work processes, (b) alterations in manufacturing, service or other work processes, (c) the need to prepare employees for additional responsibilities, (d) the need to prepare workers to take on improved responsibilities, (e) the need to develop their awareness about environmental and business circumstances and (f) the need to develop or alter their attitudes and behaviours (Lowson, 2002). Organisations are progressively emphasising on the importance of ethics in the work place (Vemic, 2007). Modern organisations are informing employees about the ethical direction of their organisations and the requirement for employees to maintain ethical codes of conduct. Apart from ethics, training programmes are frequently designed to give employees interpersonal skills and conflict minimisation techniques (Vemic, 2007). Inculcation of the requirement for preservation of work place harmony also helps workers in improving their relationships with others. Training also plays a key role in inculcating safety in working processes (Vemic, 2007). Benefits of Training and Development HR experts are agreed on the positive benefits of training, not just for junior members of the workforce, but even more for supervisors and managers, for augmentation of individual and organisational productivity and performance (Gerber Lankshear, 2000). Suitable and well planned training assists workers to develop their skills and knowledge, as well as to acquire new skills. Many studies have shown that employees can toil considerably faster and with lesser errors after proper training. Such training allows them to do their jobs better and enables them to take on new responsibilities. Whilst training assists organisational performance and efficiency, it also increases employee worth and augments their value in the employment market (Gerber Lankshear, 2000). Please see Appendix 2, which details the various benefits of training and development in the form of a chart. 3. Research Methods 3.1. Methodological Perspectives 3.1.1. Important Research Factors Research in areas management come under the broad scope of economic research (Bryman Bell, 2007). The research methodology for such assignments is determined in agreement with the doctrine of social research and is shaped by the character of the subject under study and the infrastructural and other resources available with the researcher. The choice of suitable research methods and techniques involves the selection of precise research methods and the most appropriate sources of information (Bryman Bell, 2007). 3.1.2. Quantitative and Qualitative Methods of Research Social research methods are fashioned by two broad and different research approaches, namely the quantitative approach and the qualitative approach. These approaches are fashioned by dissimilar epistemologies and require the use of distinct research techniques, both for acquisition and for analysis of data (Darlington Scott, 2002). Please see Appendix 1 Most theories put forward by researchers need substantiation, measured by relevant quantitative data Quantitative research is an inquiry into an identified problem, and based on testing theories. The goal of quantitative methods is to determine whether the predictive generalizations of a theory holds true. Quantitative political research thus refers to the use of measurement in the analysis of behaviours and attitudes. Quantitative political analysis makes great use of statistical concepts and theories in its execution. In a situation that involves the behavioural analysis of large numbers of people, sometimes running into hundreds of thousands, statistical analysis is the most convenient way of arriving at a logical conclusion. The use of statistics by way of various tools like predetermined sampling methods, probability, correlation and regression analyses is used to present findings that support or contradict research hypotheses. Quantitative analysis is initially somewhat bewildering to stereotypical political researchers, who mostly have backgrounds in the liberal arts and are unfamiliar with statistical models. However, the models used are reasonably simple and decision making is restricted to choosing the level of data to be used, the choice of the sampling technique, the sample size and the appropriate tool for measuring variability. The measurement of variability, which involves computation of means, medians, modes, standard deviations and coefficients of correlation and regression, is the only stage in quantitative analysis that requires a certain amount of number crunching. However, software for their computation is universally available and researchers, these days have little to do other than feeding in the results of surveys and questionnaires. Apart from these descriptive techniques for data analysis, statistical inferential techniques that involve generalising from a sample to the whole population are also regularly used in qualitative research methodology. Quantitative analysis involves two other major tasks that influence the quality of the final analysis, namely data collection and the final validation of results. Data collection can happen directly through the use of questionnaires and surveys, from opinion polls or from pre-existing material, like results of other research efforts or official statistics. Harrison (2001) states that opinion polls are often used to obtain indications about public preferences while exit polls help in forecasting results. The voluminous material available from official sources is also used as base data in quantitative research on many occasions, after satisfaction of its validity for the Qualitative methods of analysis are fundamentally different and are applied when the issue under study is subjective in nature and open to different ways of interpretation (Neuman, 2005). Qualitative research methods are fashioned by interpretivist epistemology and concern detailed examination of multifaceted subjects that are frequently profound and incapable of being satisfied with yes or no responses. Qualitative techniques involve obtaining understanding human behaviour in depth as well as the reasons that govern such behaviour, i.e., the how and why behind attitudes and consequent decision-making. Samples are therefore small and focussed and techniques incorporate skilled and extensive interviewing of respondents, observation and examination of documents (Neuman, 2005). The major difference between quantitative and qualitative research techniques lies in much greater involvement and the elimination of detachment, which however is integral to quantitative research involving large samples and surveys. Numerous techniques, including participant observation, ethnography, ethno methodology, dramaturgical interviewing, case studies, unobtrusive observation, content analysis and historiography form part of the repertoire of the student using qualitative methodology for research. There are very few step by step rules in this methodology and the objective is to arrive at the real reasons behind what people actually do, as opposed to what they say, e.g. in surveys. Whilst most research assignments call for the use of either quantitative or qualitative methods, some multifaceted and multidimensional issues necessitate the use of both techniques (Neuman, 2005). 3.1.3. Choice of Information Sources Information sources are generally categorised into primary and secondary sources. Secondary information sources consist of all the information on the subject that is available to the public at large in the form of published material, more specifically books, articles, both journal and magazine, and other publications (Bryman Bell, 2007). Primary information is obtained from sources that are part of or are integral to the subject under study (Bryman Bell, 2007). Whilst primary information is commonly obtained from interviews and focus group discussions, such information is also available from specific public domain sources like organisational or departmental publications, publications authored by the subjects under study, interviews given by them to reliable media publications, and otherwise from information disseminated through personal or organisational websites (Bryman Bell, 2007). 3.2. Research Design The research project is complex and its design will need to incorporate both quantitative and qualitative methods of research. It is proposed to investigate the responses of a small group of 25 airline employees of Middle East airlines on the proposed benefits of training. This will help in obtaining information from airlines employees on their perceptions of training, especially on the training techniques that could help them in their jobs. Whilst it could be difficultly to obtain permission from airline managements for the conduct of such a survey, a recommendation letter from the institution should help in obtaining their agreement to participate. Qualitative interviews with three senior or middle level airlines staff, especially with people associated with the HR function will also help in obtaining detailed information about the role of training in improving the performance of airline employees. 3.3. Population and Samples The population, for the purpose of this assignment, consists of the employees of Etihad Airways. With the operations of employees of most employees in the airlines sector being reasonably similar, the population can be taken to be all people employed in the airline sector in the Gulf States. The sample for the quantitative survey is fixed at 25 airline employees. The size of the sample is fixed on a non-probabilistic basis and has been decided in line with the abilities and resources of the researcher in conducting the survey. Qualitative interviews are expected to be conducted with three airline employees. The choice of three respondents for qualitative employees is reasonable considering the detailed work required in conducting qualitative interviews. The sample size for qualitative interviews is thus determined at three respondents. 3.4. Data Collection Data collection for quantitative interviews with 25 airline employees will be through carefully constructed questionnaires that will contain a maximum of 15 multiple choice questions. The questionnaire will be easy to use and will be administered by 3 volunteers at airline terminals, only after approval of airline managements. Data will be collected for qualitative analysis from direct interviews with carefully chosen officials, engaged in middle or senior management positions in the airline sector in the Gulf countries. The questions for the interviews will be both open and close ended in nature. The interviews will be audio taped and thereafter transcribed into typed documents. 3.5. Research Ethics Appropriate care will be taken to ensure the adoption of ethical rules and norms that are pertinent to business research (Bryman Bell, 2007). All information sources used for the purpose of study will be acknowledged carefully and comprehensively (Bryman Bell, 2007). All participants will be informed of the nature of the assignment and its purposes. Respondents have been informed of their right to confidentiality and of refusing to answer all or any of the questions asked of them. All respondents have also agreed in writing of their unilateral and unforced willingness to participate in this study (Bryman Bell, 2007). 3.6. Data Analysis The analysis of data will need to be done with reference to the research questions of this project. Data collected from the questionnaire survey will first be carefully transcribed and tabulated, and thereafter analysed with the use of standard statistical tools and techniques. Analysis of data obtained during direct interviews will be conducted after the contents of the audio tapes are carefully transcribed along with notes on behaviours of respondents during the course of interviews. It is important in such cases to bring out the nuances that are not available in the typed manuscripts of the interviews. References Adiele, N., 2009, Importance of Training and Development in a Firm, Ezine, Available at: http://ezinearticles.com/?expert=Ndunuju_Adiele (accessed October 13, 2010). Bryman, A., Bell, E., 2007, Business Research Methods, 2nd edition, New York: Oxford University Press. Creswell, J.W., 2003, Research design: qualitative, quantitative, and mixed method approaches, 2nd ed, Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications. Darlington, Y., Scott, D., 2002, Qualitative Research in Practice: Stories from the Field, Crowà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢s Nest, N.S.W.: Allen Unwin. Eaton, J., 2001, Globalization and Human Resource in the Airline Industry, 2nd ed., Ashgate Publishing Ltd: Aldershot, UK. El Etihad Airways, 2010, à ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"Company Profileà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ , Available at: www.etihadairways.com/sites/etihad/global//default.aspx (accessed October 13, 2010). Elliott, D., Stern, E. J., 1997, Research Ethics: A Reader, 1st edition, Institute for the Study of Applied and Professional Ethics at Dartmouth College. Gerber, R., Lankshear, C., 2000, Training for a Smart Workforce, London, Routledge. Craig, C. S., HYPERLINK http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=od=111420252HYPERLINK http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=od=111420252 Douglas, S. P., 2000, HYPERLINK http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=od=111420252International Marketing ResearchHYPERLINK http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=od=111420252 (2nd ed.), New York: John Wiley HYPERLINK http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=od=111420252HYPERLINK http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=od=111420252 Sons. iloveindia.com, 2009, Etihad Airways, Available at: www.iloveindia.com/airlines-in-india//etihad-airways.html (accessed October 13, 2010). Kervin, J. B., 1992, Methods for business research, New York: Harper Collins. Lowson, R, H., 2002, Strategic Operations ManagementHYPERLINK http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=od=102807829, The New Competitive Advantage,HYPERLINK http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=od=102807829 New York, Routledge. Morrison, S., Winston, C., 1995, The Evolution of the Airline Industry, The Brookings Institution, 4 Washington, D.C. Neuman, W. L., 2005, Social Research Methods: Quantitative and Qualitative Approaches, 6th Edition, Allyn Bacon. Penslar, L. R., 1995, Research Ethics: Cases and Materials, Bloomington, Indiana: Indiana University Press. Saunders, M., Lewis, P., Thornhill, A., 2009, Research methods for business students, 5th ed, Essex: Pearson Educational. Vemic, J., 2007, Employee training and development and the learning Organisation, Economics and Organisation, 4, 2, 209-216. Yousfi, J., 2008, Troubled Global Airline Industry Battered by Fuel Costs, Labor Problems, Money Morning, Available at: moneymorning.com//troubled-global-airline-industry-battered-by-fuel-costs-labor-problems/ (accessed October 13, 2010). Appendices Appendix 1 Differences between Quantitative and Qualitative Research Quantitative Research Qualitative Research Is Objective in nature Is Subjective in nature Depends upon Measurement Depends upon Interpretation Researchers are independent of the Process Researchers are part of the Process Sample size is very important Sample size is not important Used for testing theory and dependent upon early Literature Review Used for developing theory and as such Literature Review is an ongoing process Reasoning is logistic and deductive and establishes relationships and causation Reasoning is dialectic and inductive and establishes meaning, discovery Report is generally in the form of statistical analysis and strives for generalization Report is narrative in nature, dependent upon interpretation and works towards uniqueness

statistics review :: essays research papers

In this article, the authors attempt to answer the research question of whether or not the link between an individual’s organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) and the score they receive on their performance evaluation is affected in any way by gender. OCB is described by the authors as actions that are performed by individuals that go above and beyond what is expected of them as per the requirements that are listed on their job description. For the purpose of this study, the authors looked at five identifying factors of OCB. These factors include altruism, conscientiousness, courtesy, sportsmanship, and civic virtue. By conducting this study, the authors hoped to find support for three hypotheses: 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Women will be rated as displaying more OCB than men. 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  For both women and men, level of OCB ratings and performance ratings will be positively related. 3.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Although women will be rated as displaying more OCB than men, they will not receive higher performance ratings than men. (Sex Roles, 3) A total of 109 RA’s (resident advisors) from an East Coast University participated in this assessment, 55 women and 41 men. The authors state that RA’s were used for this test because of the increased opportunity they have as a whole to practice OCB. To set up the test that would be given to the current RAs, former RA’s were contacted via telephone. They were asked questions and given a pilot survey, which was reviewed and revised to become the final testing instrument. The survey contained 17 questions, which, after scoring, would create an OCB rating ranging from 17 (low OCB) to 85 (high OCB). The surveys were given to the RA’s during weekly meetings, with the individual RA’s rating the OCB level of their RA counterparts in the same residence hall that they worked in. The results of these surveys were added together and averaged for each RA and then compared against the score that the individuals received on the performance evaluations that were given to them by their supervisors. The authors concluded from these results that there is indeed a link between higher OCB ratings and higher performance evaluation scores, and they also stated that the performance ratings of male RA’s are quite similar to those earned by the female RA’s. The hypothesis that females would have higher OCB scores than males was reported as being correct, but the fact that the authors state â€Å"the conventional level of significance was not achieved† doesn’t make a very solid argument upon which to base their reasoning.

Sam Walton :: essays research papers

Wal-Mart, the world’s top retail store wasn’t always so big. Sam Walton, the founder of Wal-Mart saw the opportunity to open a business and later became America’s richest man. Competing against the biggest business to date Walton success is still apparent in today’s economy with stores all over the world. I believe Sam Walton is the world’s greatest entrepreneur because of his success. At an early age of 40 Walton had already owned 15 variety stores. As discount stores started opening around towns where his stores, he saw what was in store in the retail industry. On July 2, 1962, at the age of 44, Walton opened his first Wal-Mart store in Rogers, Arkansas. The competition also started that same year with Woolco, Kmart, and Target opening their doors as well. His main goal while keeping his business alive was to keep the prices as low as possible. Stores began opening wherever Walton saw opportunity to grow. He brought Wal-Mart from his home state as he spread the stores across others. He always had a good view of the future and could for see that computerized business were the future. In part he traveled to New York’s IBM school and hired the top student to work for him. To this day Wal-Mart’s database is second only to the Pentagons. With his true sight for growing a strong business, Walton may have been the first computer aged CEO. For twenty-two years Walton had been an underground growing mega business. Unnoticed by the majority public he had become the richest man in America. With Forbes magazine determining that his 39% ownership of Wal-Mart's stock made him the richest man his name was know by everyone. As the name Wal-Mart spread around the country and the business grew more money came in and Walton lived his life as he always had, with pickup trucks and a farm instead of limo’s and mansions. Wal-Mart had remained increasing in size because of Walton’s drive to bring prices lower and lower. With consumers always looking for the bargain deal and the sales Wal-Mart never had to have sales because they sell what the have for the lowest possible prices. The concept of supply and demand works perfectly with the way the business is run.

Essay examples --

Justice Penny White of Tennessee, lost her retention election in 1996 after the Tennessee Conservative Union campaigned against her, saying she was soft on crime and capital punishment. A retention election is beneficial because it eliminates Justices that feel pity or emotion towards cases and/or people. Justice White for example ordered a new death sentence hearing for the case of State v. Odom and was knocked off the bench in a retention election because of her decision. This retention election process is beneficial because it allows citizens to retain judges who are doing significantly. It also allows us as citizens to vote off Judges who we think are doing poorly or do not represent us as a whole. Justice Penny White was voted off the ballot because citizen did not like the decision she made in the case on State v. Odom. Churches formed prayer circles to call community members stating that they would vote no for Justice White because she is evil. (Denver Bar Assoc iation.) White was opposed by a variety of victims' right groups as well as by Republic governor Don S... Essay examples -- Justice Penny White of Tennessee, lost her retention election in 1996 after the Tennessee Conservative Union campaigned against her, saying she was soft on crime and capital punishment. A retention election is beneficial because it eliminates Justices that feel pity or emotion towards cases and/or people. Justice White for example ordered a new death sentence hearing for the case of State v. Odom and was knocked off the bench in a retention election because of her decision. This retention election process is beneficial because it allows citizens to retain judges who are doing significantly. It also allows us as citizens to vote off Judges who we think are doing poorly or do not represent us as a whole. Justice Penny White was voted off the ballot because citizen did not like the decision she made in the case on State v. Odom. Churches formed prayer circles to call community members stating that they would vote no for Justice White because she is evil. (Denver Bar Assoc iation.) White was opposed by a variety of victims' right groups as well as by Republic governor Don S...

How to Plan a Surprise Party Essay

Planning a surprise party is never easy, but it is often the most rewarding. When planning, keep in mind how many people to invite, the location, and a theme. Whether it is a large or small party, taking a few minutes to create a plan ensures the party will be a success. Deciding the location is the most important aspect because it affects all others: the guest list, the budget, the menu, and to an extent, the theme. It needs to be large enough to accommodate everyone invited, have a large enough food preparation area, and ample space for the decorations. It is important to find a place that will not cause the person to become suspicious. It is necessary to know the person well in order to pick a theme they will appreciate. When choosing a theme, it is also necessary to think about how easy or difficult it will be to incorporate throughout all aspects of the party. The internet is a great place to find creative themes for any type of party; and with party supply stores, it is much easier to find decorations to go along with most themes. A well chosen theme helps tie everything together. Once the location is chosen and the theme is planned, it is time to plan the menu and begin buying the supplies. When planning the menu, keep in mind the time of he party. It will help to determine whether to serve light hors d’oeuvres or a full meal. The menu also needs items for guests with special diets, such as vegetarians. Items should be easy to cook ahead of time and be stored easily. Limiting the menu to food items that are simple to refill and maintain is a good idea. Although planning a surprise party is often the most difficult, it is always worth it. Preparation is the key to any successful party, but the extra work put into keeping the party a secret pays off in the end. The look on their face and the appreciation they show is the ultimate reward.

Intense Personal Memories and Reflections

Intense personal memories and reflections have always been an inspiration to poets. Explore this concept with regards to the poems that you have studied referring to three poems in detail and at least three poems from your wider reading. The theme of reflections is something frequently explored in literature. It is truly a powerful force. It can bestow courage, feelings of warmth, and even overwhelm you and this is exactly what the below six poets did by manipulating their personal and emotional reflections to generate an emotive impact on us by using a variety of literary devices to present to us a ‘window’ into their pasts.Alice Walker (Poem at Thirty-Nine), U. A. Fanthorpe (Half past Two) and D. H. Lawrence (Piano) have all portrayed powerful emotional memories and reflections in their poems. â€Å"Poem At Thirty-Nine† was concerning a woman who learnt everything from her father and desired to do the simple things he did during his life although she was very pr ivileged to acquire an education hence she could better herself in life. â€Å"Follower† by Seamus Heaney was a poem that related to the admiration of their parent. Half-Past Two† evaluated the predicament of a young boy in an after school punishment for â€Å"Something Very Wrong† but he was instructed to remain in the schoolroom until â€Å"half- past two† but he did not understand the concept of time. â€Å"My Parents Kept Me from Children Who Were Rough† by Stephen Spender evaluated a childhood problem similarly to â€Å"Half-Past Two† where in this case, the title is self-explanatory. Piano† was a well-defined example of the author of the poem ruminating on his past life, but in particular, music of his childhood making him return to certain events forcefully but he realised how much he has transformed and the memories made him crave to return to the past. â€Å"Once Upon A Time† by Gabriel Okara also was a poem where the ad ult wanted to return to the past but in this poem, it was not for a childhood memory but a quality that was expelled from his mind during adulthood. D. H.Lawrence’s â€Å"Piano† was written in quatrains with 3 stanzas. The structure of 3 stanzas divided the poem into 3 different parts which made it organised and stanzas created a clear space in time. Through the usage of stanzas, the emotional contrasts between his dwelling in his childhood memories and the aftermath are much more distinct and easier to apprehend. With the change from the second to the third stanza, the persona’s memories of delight were juxtaposed with reality settling in where Lawrence’s language now was in the present.The poet used several poetic devices but one that triumphs was his distinct word placement and perfectly placed words and syllables. This portrayed the intensity of emotion in the poem since he knew the exact phrases and words to maximise the effect of presenting emotions in a sophisticated manner. A perfect example of this would be where instead of just saying â€Å"going back† or â€Å"train of thought† he used â€Å"vista of years. † Another example of this specific word usage was when Lawrence used the phrase â€Å"Till I see† which communicated the message in a more powerful manner than â€Å"I remember. The poet chose a particular phrase because he wanted to communicate exact images and not leave a lot of room for assumption since just using â€Å"I remember† or â€Å"going back† could be a range of memories. He also used phrases such as â€Å"A child† to refer to himself and he referred to his mother as â€Å"A mother† which made the poem impersonal but it was an attempt to make him detached from the memories and as if he almost didn’t distinguish his past self, seeing that he has changed so much. Lawrence utilised a variety of poetic devices such as sibilance, onomatopoeia and w hat I think to be his most effective and successful, his selective diction.The poet has effectively established an enthralling atmosphere for the poem by using sibilance. He used sibilance not just for an atmosphere creation but to add a sinister and harsh tone to a line: â€Å"In spite of myself, the insidious mastery of song. † That was also another precisely chosen phrase. There were many examples of sibilance such as â€Å"Softly, in the dusk, a woman is singing to me;† and â€Å"†¦smiles as she sings,† where the â€Å"s† sounds similar to that of a whisper which portrayed. Now the intensity of his memory but now it’s beginning to emotionally hurt him.Also when the poet asserted â€Å"In spite of myself,† he was forced to reckon these moments, he referred to his masculinity. The â€Å"insidious mastery of song†¦ Betrays me back,† tricked him into the nostalgia of childhood, it forced him to â€Å"weep to belong,† since he didn’t want to revisit the past. He pulled himself out of recalling about the child he was with the phrase â€Å"In spite of myself† The poet used the words â€Å"Sunday† and â€Å"at home† which gave a sense of resting and peace but he used a contradictory metaphor, â€Å"winter outside† which meant the harsh world outside his safe home.As that stanza continued, you saw the theme of safety and comfort continues where he said â€Å"hymns in the cozy parlour. † The hymns show that the family was a God-fearing family and a parlour was where the best things in the house were and where guests usually were so that also shows a close knitted family and the sense of security between the family members. The poet also used onomatopoeia in â€Å"boom of the tingling strings† and â€Å"tinkling â€Å" since â€Å"boom† and â€Å"tinkling† described their own sound.Lawrence used a musical term in the final stanza â€Å"W ith the great black piano appassionato† which enhanced the impression on the reader. As the reader, â€Å"appassionato† was more impacting than loud since it was associated to music and it was more expressive. â€Å"Appassionato† added to the fact that to the character’s music didn’t matter anymore and that he’d rather be with his mother. The singer, his mother, was trying â€Å"in vain† which and continued where the mother singing was â€Å"clamour† so she comprehended that he was beginning to lose attention but her attempts to retrieve his focus we futile.He then used the pejorative term, â€Å"childish days† which tended to suggests immaturity but the â€Å"glamor† of those days makes him long for it. Also this extract â€Å"†¦ my manhood is cast/Down in the flood of remembrance†¦Ã¢â‚¬  shows that he wept like a child for the past therefore by his weeping; the gap between child and man, sentiment and masculinity, and past and present is abridged. Personally, I think anyone can relate to this poem because no matter who you are there’s that one moment in childhood everyone longs to return to and just like Lawrence, everyone sees it as a â€Å"glamor. â€Å"Once Upon A Time† by Gabriel Okara is related to â€Å"Piano† because within the poem, there was the desire to return to the past but in this poem, it was a conversation between a father and a son where the father was relating how actions of people were executed when he was young compared to the present and now the father (narrator) wished he could return to his original innocent state. Unlike â€Å"Piano,† â€Å"Once Upon A Time† was a free verse poem.The first three stanzas have the same general pattern where Okara starts by narrating the past and explaining how things used to be, but then he tells the negative reality, making the tone of the poem very sinister and bitter by using phrases s uch as â€Å"ice – block cold eyes† and â€Å"shake hands without hearts,† whereas in â€Å"Piano† there was a sinister undertone with the â€Å"insidious† sibilance. The mood of this poem for the majority of it was seriousness but at the ending, the mood changes to regret and you see how heartfelt the father’s desire to become like what he used to be. So show me, son, how to laugh; show me how†¦ I used to laugh and smile†¦ once upon a time when I was like you. † The repetition in that extract emphasised the genuineness of his regret. A simile that Okara used to express his regret was â€Å"†¦my teeth like a snake’s bare fangs! † which shows who remorseful he feels by using a poisonous snake to represent his teeth. So we see that just as how Lawrence wants to return to his childhood for the memories, Okara wants to learn from his past by letting his son teach him how to show his true feelings again. Poem at Thirty-Nine† by Alice Walker differs from Piano and Half-Past Two because it is a free verse poem. In free verse poems, you tend to get the memories that was most impacted on you so the reflection becomes more fascinating. Although this poem was written in free verse, there was still a distinct separation between the two sections of the poem. That was presented in the repetition of the phrase â€Å"How I miss my father† where the first time, it seemed like she was sighing of deliberation and remorse.This remorse can also be linked in with the phrase â€Å"though many of my truths must have grieved him before the end. † She now recognised that what she disclosed might have upset him but the second time was with an exclamation mark, instead of a sigh, it appeared to be more like a wail. At this point she recalled and missed her father and the fun things about him. Finally there was the stanza that concludes poem which told us that she has become the woman that her father wanted her to be.Walker used simple language that was never overstated or simulated in any way so without the use of the extravagant words; you can clearly perceive that this poem is coming from her heart. She used simple, short phrases and sentences such as â€Å"Writing slips and deposit checks† or â€Å"cooking, writing, chopping wood† which also gives you an impression of Walker attempting to communicate with the reader and not narrating a story. This is a significant contrast from the poem â€Å"Piano† because in piano, the entire poem was based on the perfect layout of words and syllables using complex vocabulary.This poem consisted of various literary devices such as similes, metaphors and the dominating symbolism. One simile used in the poem was â€Å"He cooked like a person dancing† which contrasts with the proceeding line â€Å"in a yoga meditation† but nonetheless the dancing showed that the father enjoyed cooking but he seems co ncentrated and contented with his actions. An example of a metaphor in the poem was â€Å"my brain light† which was an usual combination of words but the light can be ascertained to either be free from care, worry or stress and even meditation.Then, there was the many examples of symbolism but I think the most obvious would be â€Å"†¦tossing this and that into the pot; seasoning none of my life the same way twice;† this can be understood where she was carefree and she has a lack of concern and attention to details. The â€Å"seasoning† would be a symbol of her daily activities. Another symbolic phrase would be â€Å"cooking, writing, chopping wood, staring into the fire. † To me, I see those actions as symbols of independence where she was able to survive without relying on her parents. Chopping wood† shows that she’s not afraid of the gender boundary of the society then since women were looked down upon and they had little to no rights and it was the same for Black-Americans and Alice Walker had the privilege of being from both groups. She later became a racial and women’s activist. You could say that she is a modern woman, being able to be independent and fight for her beliefs. Any father â€Å"would have grown to admire† the woman she had become especially hers who had been a freed slave. â€Å"Follower† by Seamus Heaney was written in quatrains each of the six stanzas has four lines thus being a structured poem.This poem relates to â€Å"Poem at Thirty-Nine† because it focuses on admiration just like in â€Å"Poem at Thirty-Nine† The poem has multiple splits where particular stanzas focus on different people. Stanza one to three focuses on the expertise in the farm by his father. Evidence where this is clearly seen is â€Å"The horse strained at his clicking tongue† where you notice that with an effortless human noise and he controls the animals on the farm. A more obv ious example was just the two word sentence â€Å"An Expert† which just states that he was excellent at what he did.Then stanzas four to six, Heaney talked about himself being a nuisance on the farm and what made this apparent was that Heaney begins to use the pronoun â€Å"I. † â€Å"I stumbled†¦ / I was a nuisance, tripping, falling† where Heaney admits that he was, in fact, a nuisance, but there was a twist at the end of the poem where â€Å"But today†¦ It is my father who keeps stumbling†¦ Behind me, and will not go away. † And this was the ultimate theme of the poem – the relationship of the father and the son and how the role of being a farmer is reversed when you age.The mood of this poem was actually not one of bitterness but love between the father and son although that word was never mentioned in the poem. There were similes, metaphors, oxymoron and onomatopoeia used in this poem. â€Å"His shoulders globed like a full sai l strung† This simile stressed how Heaney admired his father’s strength. â€Å"The sweating team turned round† This was a metaphor for the father controlling his son’s future. One of the oxymoron examples were: â€Å"Polished sod† which highlights that you cannot have smooth mud, so Heaney cannot follow.Onomatopoeia: â€Å"Dipping and rising to his plod† accentuated Heaney as a young boy following his father, and also his father’s farming, the movement of the horse-plough. Reading this poem, people can relate to this poem because in everyone’s life, you eventually move up in life from the nuisance to the one who actually does the work and the same people who thought you we’re the nuisance to them, you now think they hinder you. â€Å"Half-Past Two† by U. A. Fanthorpe is a structured poem where each stanza has three lines each.The poem follows a chronological order where it began him in a classroom in his after scho ol punishment and it follows the events like a time lapse until the teacher dismissed him but then you notice that the poem ends on a philosophical note. In the first stanza, we saw evidence of there being a contrast in age in the lines being spoken by a narrator in third person and in brackets, the narrator in first person narrative. We saw evidence of this throughout the poem. For example, â€Å"He did Something Very Wrong†¦ (I forget what it was)† Everything spoken by the first person narrator was written in brackets but when he was relating the past events he writes freely. When Fanthorpe was reflecting upon his younger childhood; he could not tell the time so time existed for him in personal interactions and it was important times such as â€Å"Gettinguptime, Timeyouwereofftime, Timetogohometime, TVtime†¦ † and the concept of the â€Å"half – past two† was not understood by him. This poem, just like all the other poems, has a great amount o f literary devices such as personification, repetition and oxymoron. One example of personification was where he attempted to comprehend the concept of time as a child and the personified the clock â€Å"†¦ he little eyes, the long legs for walking,† but still he could not â€Å"click its language† which meant no matter how hard he tried to figure out the clock and how it works, all his attempts were unsuccessful. In stanza seven, he is in a moment of isolation – â€Å"Out of reach from all timefors† and away from the impact of time – â€Å"He’d escaped time for ever† which is comprehended as his escape from the world of time and in a fairy tale world where time has no existence. The poem from this point begins to slow down and becomes hypnotic where he was realising the routine of his life and how monotonous it was.It was as if he was falling into a trance of his regular daily life and this hypnotic stanza was achieved by the re petition of â€Å"Into† and we also see oxymoron where Fanthorpe says â€Å"†¦silent noise his hangnail made. † Then we see where he snaps out of the trance, it was as if he was slotted back into time where he was back into â€Å"teatime, Nexttime etc. † When the teacher said â€Å"I forgot all about you,† the incident the child saw as being â€Å"Something Very Wrong† and â€Å"wicked† as of little importance to the teacher. These â€Å"time† words increase the tempo of the poem like if it was back into the fast lane of life.The language of the poem now becomes more adult so it could possibly be when Fanthorpe has just got himself out of his reflections and back to present. Fanthorpe uses phrases such as â€Å"Clockless land forever† which refers back to a fairy tale where time does not exist and he not knowing time, allowed him just to live without fear of time being over. He also uses the word â€Å"Forever† whic h links back to â€Å"into ever,† a place where time was infinite and does not exist or cannot be measured. The poem ends from instead of being just a reflection; Fanthorpe personified ime â€Å"time hides tick-less waiting to be born† which can be comprehended as waiting for tome to be discovered as a concept which controls our life. This poem made me and I can assure anyone who is reading â€Å"Half-Past Two† they will realise, just like how I have, the extent of how these time periods control our life and without it, the world will either go into complete peace since it will be peaceful and there will be no need to rush or it would be a catastrophe where to world goes into uproar since people depend and base their lives on this concept of time. My Parents Who Kept Me from Children Who Were Rough† by Stephen Spender was a poem about a child who was protected from the outside world by his parents and the bullying children who roamed the streets. Spender's poem was divided into three verses of equal length, though the verse division seems more of a visual device than anything else. The lines are roughly the same length and have an irregular rhythm. It was similar to the poem â€Å"Half-Past Two† since it also involved a childhood predicament but in this poem, the parents assisted the child to avoid any severe danger to their son.Spender uses the pronoun â€Å"I† which makes the poem personal and you clearly see that Spender was reflecting on his own personal encounters. The poetic devices that I observed in this poem were alliteration, similes and enjambment on the first line of the poem. Alliteration was seen in â€Å"climbing cliffs† and the simile was seen â€Å"like dogs to bark at our world† which can be understood as people who attacked other peoples’ lives. In those poems, each and every one, reflections are a major part to the poets influence for the masterpieces of work. Poem at Thirty-Nine † and â€Å"Follower† we saw pure admiration and love pour out of those poems, even though some might be hampered in the sadness and remorse, the sensation of awe to the poets’ parents was still present. Piano’ shows its power to overwhelm a fully grown man and drive him to the point of tears. â€Å"Half-Past Two† was one of those amazing poems where if you begin to imagine what would it be like and your imagination just runs wild. Once Upon A Time† is another fantastic and usual piece of poetry where instead of having a child admire a father; Okara did the opposite and have the parent running to the child for wisdom which is a notable ironic twist that was very uncommon. â€Å"My Parents Kept Me from Children Who Were Rough† is one of those stories where there is just nonstop bullying and you think the person being bullied would never recover, in this poem we actually see the poet forgive his enemies which now makes me admire him for t hat bold move although the street children never paid any attention to him.Personally I believe in the power of memory. Through recollecting the past and reflecting upon it, I see what I can do to improve myself and be a better person. With it you can become happy but yet be pained by it and I have my regrets but those memories hurt, keep me awake at night and cause fits of depression. It is a normal part of life. Live with it, do not seek to dwell in the past and create more memories worth remembering.